Centralized Version Control System (CVCS): Arrangement for version control where there is single central repository (server) which hold different versions of code of a project. Developers directly commit their code to this central repository and pull the changes made by others from this server.
Flow of work in this type of version control :
- Checkout the latest version of the code from a central repository, containing changes of other developers as well. This will lock the repository for editing so no one is able to push changes until one person finishes committing his/her changes.
- Make your own changes in the code on top of pulled version of code.
- Commit/Merge the changes back into the central repository.
Distributed Version Control System (DVCS): In these version control systems, along with the central repository (server), individual developers will also have a copy of the entire history or version of the code and all its branches in their local server or machine.
Flow of work in this type of version control :
- Clone the central repository on local machine. This also contains all the branches of the repository.
- Push all changes on local repository branch.
- Request merging of changes on local branch to central repository.
- Owner/manager of central repository verifies the changes and merges to master on central repository.
Tabular differences between CVSC and DVCS:
| CVCS | DVCS |
| History of commits /changes are only present on the centralized sever. | History of commits /changes are present centrally but is also mirrored on each system. |
| If the server is down, the changes on machines of individual members cannot be saved to central repository. | Individuals can keep committing to their local repository even if central repository is unavailable. |
| Relatively slower as for each commit, as interaction needs to be done directly with the server. | Faster, as every commit need not go to central repository. |
| The repository is available for committing to single user at time and is locked for editing during this period. | No problem of locking. |
| Until the lock is released, another user can not commit to repository. | Changes can be done on local repository and can be requested to be merged to master branch on central repository later. |
| Examples-Subversion, Team Foundation Server | Examples- Git, Mercurial |
Learn more about one of the most widely used DVCS systems in following articles:
Introduction to GIT
Getting Started with GIT
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